Kingsolvers Butterflies in Flight Behavior - 782 Words

What moves us to inquire about the world we live in; what inspires us to change, and how do we grow intellectually? Knowledge is an accumulation of experiences, which are obtained either conventionally in a school setting, or indiscriminately through life-experiences. Likewise, from these experiences conventional or otherwise, information is then transferred, acquired, and reappropriated. However, within this sequence of events knowledge is at risk of misinterpretation. In those circumstances it is the story, the most ancient forms of communication that is capable of making the unfamiliar appear obvious. Through her story Flight Behaviour, Barbara Kingsolver acts as a teacher, surreptitiously conveying her own opinions on education and the process of learning through the development of her characters. Subsequently, Kingsolver provides a valuable outlook regarding the elements required to engage intellectually; and furthermore her outlook offers creditable insight regarding the proces s of learning. Not merely an anecdotal novel, Kingsolver conveys a fundamental educational paradigm through her narrative. Indeed, engaging intellectually requires both aptitude and enthusiasm, but Kingsolver proposes that education is far more complex than a simple binary. Kingsolver suggests that intellectual engagement is both a process and a maturation of ones ability to reason, which is fundamentally rooted in logic and passion. Narratives offer a framework, which support unfamiliarShow MoreRelatedBarbara Kingsolver s Flight Behavior1421 Words   |  6 PagesBarbara Kingsolver’s novel Flight Behaviour demonstrates that environmental degradation brought on by climate change tends to have a greater impact on people of lower social class. Kingsolver accomplishes this through numerous unique secondary characters. More specifically, Kingsolver illustrates through the Delgado family how industrial development and global warming are triggering devastating environmental catastrophes in less developed countries such as Mexico, and consequently causing mass migrationsRead MoreIn Leslie Marmon Silko’S Ceremony And Barbara Kingsolver’S1561 Words   |  7 PagesIn Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony and Barbara Kingsolver’s Flight Behavior, both of the main characters develop a connection with the issues surrounding the state of the environment in the novels that leads to creation of a new character, the character of â€Å"environment†. Both Tayo and Dellarobia discover more about themselves through their relationship with nature and their surroundings, however, Silko manages to convey empathy for the character â€Å"environment† more efficiently when compared to KingsolverRead MoreFlight Behavior1143 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"title† Barbara Kingsolver’s novel, â€Å"Flight Behavior,† strays from the customary novel average readers are used to. Kingsolver’s education in biology is exposed throughout her novel causing the readers to experience a more scientific perspective on the story. The story takes place inside Dellarobia Turnbow’s mind; a restless farmers wife who got pregnant at seventeen and, as a result, had a shotgun marriage. Her life since then has been a wreck. Her marriage is deteriorating, her farm is failingRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Canada1398 Words   |  6 Pagesalmost 1.8 times more greenhouse gas emissions than the first (CCPA). This is due to the lower income quintiles not being presented with the opportunity to partake in numerous greenhouse gas producing activities. Many of Barbara Kingsolver’s characters in her novel Flight Behavior, are living within these limits. Dellarobia, for example, is a small town woman who would be classified und er the first or second quintile. During a conversation about using less fossil fuel, with educated urbanite, Leighton

The Handmaids Tale Men Essay - 1607 Words

Women’s Bodies as Political Instruments and Elimination of Sexual Pleasure: Oppression throughout Society In Margaret Atwood’s, The Handmaid’s Tale, the idea of women’s bodies as political instruments and elimination of sexual pleasure is explored. The republic of Gilead â€Å"depicts a futuristic society in which a brutal patriarchal regime deprives women of power and subjectivity, enslaving them through a sophisticated, ubiquitous apparatus of surveillance† (Cooper 49). Offred is a girl who lives with her Commander within Gilead. She is surrounded by girls at his house. When one becomes a woman they have had a baby. Any time before they have a baby they are just girls. They are valued only by their ovaries and wombs. They have no freedom and†¦show more content†¦Red also symbolizes blood. The Handmaids still get their period and hope to have it miss on one month in hopes that they are pregnant. Although not all the girls are Handmaids, there are also different classes such as Wives and Martha’s. Each group wears a different color. The wives wear blue and the Martha’s wear green. The wives wear blue is because then other people can notice that they are a wife of a certain commander. Martha’s are envious of the wives so therefore wear green. How Offred got her name is because she is Of Fred, as in Fred is her commander. Therefore, any girl would be Of---- depending on what their commanders’ name is. The Wives are in the room during the ceremony as if they are the ones getting pregnant themselves. Martha’s are the servants in this dystopian society. They are forced to do anything that the Wife or Commander want them to do. There are econowives that are married to a low ranking man. Each woman is separated to make sure they are doing their specific jobs. While Offred is walking outside one realizes that the women can always be recognized of what they are by what they are wearing. â€Å"There are other women with baskets, some in red, some in the dull green of the Marthas†¦ cheap and skimpy, mark the women of the poorer men. Econowives, they’re called. These women are not divided into function. They have to do everything; if they can† (Atwood 24). These colors are from their state and the rules that they have to follow.Show MoreRelatedThe Handmaids Tale Men Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesWomen’s Bodies as Political Instuments and Elimination of Sex ual Pleasure: Oppression throughout Society In Margaret Atwood’s, The Handmaid’s Tale, the idea of women’s bodies as political instruments and elimination of sexual pleasure is explored. The republic of Gilead â€Å"depicts a futuristic society in which a brutal patriarchal regime deprives women of power and subjectivity, enslaving them through a sophisticated, ubiquitous apparatus of surveillance† (Cooper 49). Offred is a â€Å"girl† who livesRead MoreMargaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale1345 Words   |  6 PagesMetaphor in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale† by Sonia Chadha compares the treatment of women in society to the treatment of women in The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood. Chadha’s essay leaves her readers in a state of bewilderment after only a few pages. Her disorganized structure and repetitive subjects are only a couple reasons of why this essay is an absolute mess. Chadha’s essay is all over the place and only shows one-side of t he argument. Overall, this essay was poorly written and very repetitveRead MoreEssay on Feminist Ideas in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale1199 Words   |  5 PagesFeminist Ideas in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale For this essay, we focused strictly on critics reactions to Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale. For the most part, we found two separate opinions about The Handmaids Tale, concerning feminism. One opinion is that it is a feminist novel, and the opposing opinion that it is not. Feminism: A doctrine advocating social, political, and economic rights for women equal to those of men as recorded in Websters Dictionary. This topic is prevalentRead MoreA Comparison of The Handmaids Tale and Anthem799 Words   |  4 PagesA Comparison of The Handmaids Tale and Anthem The two novels, The Handmaids Tale and Anthem, are both haunting, first person tales of personal hardship in a closed and controlled society. In this essay I will point out many important similarities and differences between the two books, mainly the setting and the similarities between the two societies in which the stories take place, as well as more important differences between the main characters. To start I would like to compare the settingsRead MoreThe Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood Essay2490 Words   |  10 PagesIn the days of anarchy, it was freedom to. Now you are being given freedom from,† (Atwood 24). The Handmaid’s Tale, written by Margaret Atwood, is a novel set in the near future where societal roles have severely changed. The most notable change is that concerning women. Whereas, in the past, women have been gaining rights and earning more â€Å"freedom to’s†, the women in the society of The Handmaid’s Tale have â€Å"freedom froms†. They have the freedom from being abused and having sexist phrases yelled atRead Moresociety can be seen as a malevolent force, bringing about the dehumanisation of the individual1511 Words   |  7 Pagesdehumanisation of the individual’ To what extent is this idea shown in ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ and ‘We’ by comparing the writers presentation of the pressures society brings to bear on the individual. â€Å"A rat in a maze is free to go anywhere, as long as it stays inside the maze.†Ã‚   Margaret Atwood, The Handmaid’s Tale To understand what is meant by the term ‘dehumanisation’ one must first ascertainRead MoreFreedom to vs. Freedom from1145 Words   |  5 PagesWMST 275 Literature Essay #1 In the Days of Anarchy To live in a country such as the United States of America is considered a privilege. The liberties that American citizens are entitled to, as declared in the Constitution, makes the United States an attractive and envied democracy. It would be improbable to imagine these liberties being stripped from American society. However, Margaret Atwood depicts the United States as a dystopian society in her novel The Handmaid’s Tale. The first societyRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1540 Words   |  7 Pages Name: Nicole. Zeng Assignment: Summative written essay Date:11 May, 2015. Teacher: Dr. Strong. Handmaid’s Tale The literary masterpiece The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, is a story not unlike a cold fire; hope peeking through the miserable and meaningless world in which the protagonist gets trapped. The society depicts the discrimination towards femininity, blaming women for their low birth rate and taking away the right from the females to be educated ,forbidding them from readingRead MoreAsd Asdf Oeer2098 Words   |  9 PagesStudy Guides and Literature Essays Editing Services College Application Essays Writing Help Q A Lesson Plans Home : The Handmaids Tale : Study Guide : Summary and Analysis of V: Nap - VI: Household The Handmaids Tale Summary and Analysis by Margaret Atwood Buy PDFBuy Paperback V: Nap - VI: Household Summary This section begins with Offred simply sitting alone, waiting. She had not been prepared for all this stillness, all of this boredom. She thinks about experimentsRead MoreHandmaids Tale - Manipulation of Power Essay1257 Words   |  6 PagesTHE HANDMAID’S TALE Grade 11 English Analytical Essay Words: 1 245 Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale is a disturbing novel that displays the presence and manipulation of power. This is displayed throughout the novel and is represented significantly in three ways. As the book takes place in the republic of Gilead, the elite in society are placed above every other individual who are not included in their level. Secondly, men are placed at the top of the chain and they significantly overpower

Renaissance vs. Islamic Art Free Essays

string(71) " be one of the best and most influential rulers of the Ottoman empire\." Mirriam Webster defines art as â€Å"the conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic objects†. It is a broad definition, because nothing about art is specific. Art has many different meanings, takes many different forms, and achieves many different things. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance vs. Islamic Art or any similar topic only for you Order Now Culture, including religion, greatly influences art. The artistic works of a culture may reflect a lifestyle, language, religion, or belief of said culture. Some would consider the heart of art in our modern world to be Europe, specifically, Italy. This is logical, seeing as how Italy is famous for a time period called the Renaissance which was a vital turning point in the history of art in the world. The Renaissance period of time immediately followed the middle ages. During the middle ages, people had no concept of individuality, and there was no focus on mankind. Instead, the focus narrowly on God, celestial beings, and the afterlife. All things that happened were considered a mystery that only God could understand or be involved in. Because of the reliance on religion, people did not venture into thinking about science or how things really worked. The Renaissance was named as its own time period in order to signify the end of medieval thinking of the middle ages. Important aspects of the Renaissance include secularism and humanism, which were concentrations on human capability and a furthering from the all-encompassing spiritual norms. Art during the Renaissance sought to apply humanistic methods to Christianity. As people began to concentrate less on the ideal and more on what was realistic, they began to paint in a realistic fashion which included portraits, and human figures which were proportionate. What’s more is not only that they were painted realistically, but that average humans would be depicted in art in the first place. Although the Renaissance was secular, and concentrated on humans rather than deities, there are many Italian paintings with religious subjects. Italy didn’t live in a little bubble of scientific, humanistic advancement. While the Renaissance took place, Italian culture was somewhat challenged by Islamic culture when the Ottoman Turks made an attempt to conquer Europe. Ottoman rulers such as Mehmet and Suleiman are, in my opinion, responsible for the spread of Islamic art and culture from Persia to Algeria. As the Ottoman empire grew, its art and culture flourished under the rule of a select few rulers. Although the art grew and flourished, it still had its roots in Islamic faith, meaning it still followed the â€Å"rules† of the Muslim religion. The Ottoman empire’s occupation of South-east Europe and domination of the Mediterranean were tools which unintentionally spread Islamic culture to Europe, Italy included. When a group attempts to colonize an area, they (though sometimes inadvertently) spread their culture to said area. This is usually done through propaganda and artwork. The similarities between Islamic art and art in Renaissance Italy results from the fact that many elements of Islamic art spread to Italy during the spread of the Ottoman Empire into Europe. We can see many purely Islamic elements in European art in the Renaissance time period. To begin with, the Muslims are responsible for bringing glass, ceramics, and pottery to Italy. The development of glass and ceramics began in the Middle East. Using these mediums, they developed techniques such as gazing, gliding, qualities of color, and sparkle in order to add an artistic dimension to every day necessities. When the Muslims invaded Europe and held an Italian city, Italians learned to make ceramics, and then followed the Islamic way of adding sparkle to their glass and gold to their ceramic pieces. The Italians were influenced by, not only the artistic medium itself, but also the decorations on Islamic art. A cardinal characteristic of Islamic art is an inclination towards covering surfaces with patterns composed of vegetal and/or geometric elements. They valued sophisticated patterns and variety such as those found in Islamic artwork. They were fascinated by the intricate patterns, so much so that they began to imitate the designs on their own glass and ceramic artwork. They copied a certain design pattern, which was a sort of scrolling foliage, which they gave the term arabesque. Both Islamic and Renaissance art are greatly influenced by general religion, and even exhibit some of the same elements. Geometric figures in Islamic art are used to make said art perfectly symmetrical in any way possible. Even the arabesque scrolling foliage is more symmetrical and perfect than actual foliage. The geometric shapes in their works, are used to create a sense of superb balance and order, which is representative of Muslim ideals. Similarly, the artwork of the Italian Renaissance used realism to create balance, order, and proportion, which were fundamental ideals of the Renaissance. Aside from the designs and depictions in the artwork, what makes them similar is the way in which the artwork came to exist. The term â€Å"patron of the arts† was widely used during the Renaissance, and described those individuals who possessed the funds needed to aid the artists in creating their art. During the Renaissance, the patrons of the arts were able to use their wealth to achieve power and respect, by creating a work of art that proclaimed their devotion to themselves, their city, and their god. The most famous of the patrons during the Renaissance were the Medici family. During the height of the Renaissance, the Medici in power was known as Lorenzo the Magnificent. He held power in Florence by his involvement in gaining commissions for artists such as Sandro Boticelli and Leonardo da Vinci, who were both famous artists of their time. The Muslim empires had a very similar system. Certain Ottoman rulers are known for their positive contributions to the art and culture of their empire. Their contributions were not making the actual art, but providing the resources for the â€Å"professional† artists to do so. Suleiman the Magnificent is known to be one of the best and most influential rulers of the Ottoman empire. You read "Renaissance vs. Islamic Art" in category "Papers" One reason he earned this title is that art and literature flourished under his rule. His artistic nature (reflected in everything he did), paired with his access to wealth made him an important patron of the arts, helping artists express original Ottoman ideas in a Turkish format. The interest of the patrons determine what kind of artwork gets created and released to the public. Because of this, the artwork of a time period may reflect the thoughts and ideals of the upper class because they were wealthy enough to commission certain works to be done. The patrons were the people responsible for the prospering and growth of art in both time periods, though they existed in slightly different forms. Although the Renaissance art was influenced by Islamic art, and both were influenced by religion and earlier time periods, there are fundamental differences between the two. These differences lie in the way each culture chooses to portray their religion in their art. The axiomatic dissimilarity between the two types of art, as far as paintings and tapestries are concerned, is that there are no physical beings depicted in Islamic art, and the opposite is true for the art of the Italian Renaissance. The reason for this goes back to the individual foundation and central ideas of each perspective religion and, for the Renaissance, the practices influenced by the time period. Renaissance thinking was secular, but Renaissance art was not about excluding religion altogether, it was more about including humanism in the depiction of religious figures and events. One can see the religious elements in works such as The Birth of Venus, painted by Sandro Botticelli in 1486. The nudity of Venus in this work is a suggestion of Eve before â€Å"the Fall† as well as the pure love of Paradise. Once arrived on the planet or â€Å"born†, the love goddess dons earthly, mortal sin, which leads her to become the New Eve, otherwise known as Madonna. The Madonna’s purity is represented by the nude Venus, and she has become a personification of the Christian church. What makes such a work specific to the humanistic aspect of the Renaissance is the ideals captured in it. Venus as the center of the painting represents a celestial being, but is painted very realistically in form, being accurately proportioned. This alone captures the characteristics of humanism, with its focus on realism, and roots in Greek and Roman myths and culture. Muslims do not agree with the way that Christians portray religion through their artwork for their own reasons, so they choose not to do the same in their own artistic practices. Muslims saw an intrinsic flaw in the Christian way and they did not want the message of their God to be confused with the worshipping of the medium, or for anything to be mistaken for idols or idolatry. Therefore they did, and still to this day, do not allow any physical beings in their art, because such art might allow for attention to and worshipping of Mohammed rather than attention to the word of their God. By these interpretations, the Qu’ran is Midieval in the nature of its message in that physical beings have no right to be depicted in artwork because the word of God is all-important. Because of this Muslim view, Islamic art does not possess the same elements as the Christian art from the Renaissance. There are no people at all depicted in Islamic art, but that’s not to say that it still is not religious. A calligraphic panel by one Mustafa Rakim is a perfect example. The background is red, with beautiful gold characters which are arranged so that the outline appears to be that of a man with a turban who is praying. It reads â€Å"God, there is no god but He, the Lord of His prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the Lord of all that has been crated. The aforementioned is exemplary of how Islamic works of art could be religious, but approached in a different fashion than in the Renaissance. There could not be a physical depiction of their god, Muhammad, or a man praying, so instead calligraphy was used in a shape in order to further convey a message. In fact, calligraphy is the highest form of visual art, and the nly spiritually meaningful form of art because of its association with the Qu’ran, which Muslims worship every word of. Christians worshipped Jesus Christ, who was a human being, and simply a messenger of God. For example, atop Carcovado Mountain in Brazil, there is a statue entitled â€Å"Christ the Redeemer†, which offers a panoramic view of Rio De Janeiro. The statue is not only a major tourist attraction, but more of a source of religious solace for all who come to visit it. There are also many Christians who choose to worship at the feet of the aforementioned statue, and others like it. The Muslims think of the Christians as wrong for doing such things as worshipping at a statue of Jesus Christ because in their religion, the prophet Mohammed shan’t be worshipped because of his position as the messenger of their God. The Islamic focus is on the teachings of their God alone, and not on the medium through which they received said teachings. Art with physical depictions of religious figures would also go against the teachings of the Qu’ran, which by some interpretations suggests that Muslims should be against idolatry, meaning they should not believe in the worshipping of a physical object or person as a god. Physical depictions in religious art have also been known to change along with the time period, which could in turn change the mindsets of the followers of the religion. For example, in Christianity, depictions of Jesus Christ contributed to the influence of the church and rulers who associated themselves with and promoted Christianity. During the fourth, fifth, and sixth centuries, the image of Jesus changed from a humble shepherd to a richly robed and commanding persona—a fitting companion for the emperors whose images were also portrayed in mosaics on the walls of churches. Because the Muslims view the word of their god as all-important, they do not want interpretations of the religion to be further influenced by the time period, as what has happened with the image of Jesus. Art, in any form, has the ability to represent everything about a culture. In my opinion, it has the most impact on how we perceive certain people, religions, and cultures. He who is in control of the art is, in essence, in control of the opinions of future generations. Essentially, comparing the art of two separate cultures is comparing everything from their language and religion to trends and important societal topics. How to cite Renaissance vs. Islamic Art, Papers

Causes of Poverty free essay sample

Causes of poverty can be multifarious, because it can be affected by the variety of factors, for instance, poor people themselves, the policies from the government and the state of the economy. Three authors talk about this problem and explain their opinions about the causes of poverty in their articles. Angela Locke is a writer, poet and creative writing tutor. She writes for the feminist news journal Off Our Backs. She argues about causes for poverty in her article Born Poor and Smart. As a member of the lower class, Locke tells us her mothers story and her own experience in college. Her mother did what the poor usually would not do. She read and asked her children read, so two of her children could go to college. However, Lockes experience in college was not that great. She felt that people put class tag on her all the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes of Poverty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Everything is about class. In her opinion, success is not a personal feeling; instead, it has to be recognized by society. Also, Herbert J. Gans, an American sociologist talks about poverty in his article, The War Against the Poor Instead of Programs to End Poverty. Gans is a professor of sociology at Columbia University. Many of his books and articles are related to poverty such as The Urban Villagers, The Levittowners, People and Plans, More Equality and Middle American Individualism. In his article, Gans talks about the attitudes from American society especially the higher level class and government toward the poor. Firstly, he explains several reasons why poverty persists in America. Secondly, he clears up some misunderstandings that common Americans have of the poor. Finally, he lists the solutions to end poverty Another article named Middle of the Class. from The Economist discusses poverty and class as well. The Economist is a weekly magazine published in England by The Economist Group. This magazine is famous for its international perspective on links between economic issues, current affairs, business, finance, science, technology and the arts. In this article, it mainly focuses on social mobility and poverty. The author believes that the ;;American Dream, which used to inspire all Americans. is not because social mobility in American is not good. The equality of opportunity is facing a huge challenge. He uses plenty of statistics to show us that it is hard to move to a higher class. Then he gives his explanation on why move to a higher level becomes so difficult. Locke, Gans and The Economist all interpret the state of poverty and explain causes for it in order to let readers see the complete issue clearly. However, three of them shares some common ideas and focuses on different points at the same time. First of all, both Gans and The Economist list the economy as a very important factor that contributes to poverty. Gans points out that the world economy is creating huge number of jobless non-professional and semi-professional workers. Also, the outsourcing of labor by many big private companies lessens job opportunities (Gans, 2008, pp. 505). He is trying to explain that poor people lack opportunities to get trained so it is hard for them to have skills to find a well-paid job. Therefore, they become poorer. Poverty will continue. Their children will repeat what they used to do. The Economist shares the similar point of view. The Economist claims in the article that when facing the globalized market economy, intellectual skills play a significant role in a job. This situation pushes people to go to college and get trained (The Economist. 008, pp. 527). Unfortunately, that is what the poor find difficult for them to afford. His idea is touches on education. Locke also has her opinions about education. The Economist mentions that the value of the degree is necessary. Moreover, he emphasizes the importance of a good education. In The Economists view, family will decide if one can go to college or not (The Economist, 2008, pp. 528). As we know, the poor seldom go to college. In contrast the rich people have a different choice. To go to college for them is not only about enough money but also about their habit f the education. In addition, Locke, as someone who comes from the working class, has the same opinion with The Economist. She is an example of someone from the lower class changing her life through education. Her mother studied and let her study. Locke thinks that her mothers reading made her family different from other poor families. However, Gans does not mention something about education in his article. As a sociologist, he pays more attention to government and their policies. In Ganss point of view, the government passes the wrong policies on ending poverty. He highlights that the government gives welfare to middle class instead of the poor, which is wrong, has made some working-class disappeared. (Gans, 2008, pp. 505). Therefore, the government can be counted as one reason for poverty. Even though Locke and the The Economist failed to outline the influence of government, there are still some points talked about by three of them. Stereotypes are the other main reason for poverty, which is agreed upon all of them. However, they express them from views of different classes. Locke and The Economist all talk about it from the poor peoples views. Locke points out that the poor believe that they are not smart and are only good for low-end jobs. They believe that it is not necessary for them to study and get the higher education (Locke, 2008, pp. 502). That means the poor do not realize how essential education is, so they will not change their lives through education. On the other hand, The Economist gives a totally different story. The author believes that class has stopped lower level peoples hard working on improving their social status. The hard working and The American Dream is not true. He thinks that it is hard for you to change your social class even though you might work hard. Meanwhile. Gans show us stereotypes of the rich. The higher level classes believe that the poor are criminals and poverty means moral failure. In addition, welfare and income grant programs will hurt the economy (Gans, 2008, pp. 505-506). Gans thinks that these Stereotypes will make the rich feel afraid of the poor and refuse to help them. That makes the situation worse In conclusion, three authors share similar ideas. They talk about the causes of poverty being tied to the economy, education, the government and stereotypes. Locke thinks that the poor are misled by the stereotypes so they do not work hard and get educated. Gans believes that the Government is wrong about policies, the economy makes the poor lose job and get low paid and stereotypes lead common Americans to feel afraid of the poor. The Economist points out the value of the degree and the fake American Dream. Locke focuses more on the poor themselves while Gans and The Economist talk more about poverty as a society. All of them discuss the cause of poverty in a way that allows the readers to find out what cause troubles and what should we do to solve problem.